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Chapter 7: Technology Background
221
RAID 1 – Mirror
When a logical drive is mirrored, identical data is written to a pair of physical
drives, while reads are performed in parallel. The reads are performed using
elevator seek and load balancing techniques where the workload is distributed in
the most efficient manner. Whichever drive is not busy and is positioned closer to
the data will be accessed first.
With RAID 1, if one physical drive fails or has errors, the other mirrored physical
drive continues to function. Moreover, if a spare physical drive is present, the
spare drive will be used as the replacement drive and data will begin to be
mirrored to it from the remaining good drive.
Figure 2. RAID 1 Mirrors identical data to two drives
The logical drive’s data capacity equals the smaller physical drive. For example,
a 100 GB physical drive and a 120 GB physical drive have a combined capacity
of 100 GB in a mirrored logical drive.
If physical drives of different capacities are used, there will be unused capacity
on the larger drive.
RAID 1 logical drives on SuperTrak consist of two physical drives.
If you want a mirrored logical drive with more than two physical drives, see
“RAID 1E – Enhanced Mirror” on page 222 and “RAID 10 – Mirror / Stripe” on
page 225.
Data Mirror
Physical Drives
- EX4650, EX8650 1
- EX8654, EX8658 1
- Copyright 2
- Trademarks 2
- Recommendations 2
- Contents 11
- Chapter 1: Introduction 15
- Product Overview 16
- Operating System Support 17
- Browser Support 18
- Key Features and Benefits 18
- Specifications 20
- Chapter 2: Installation 21
- Installing the SuperTrak Card 23
- Scenario 5: SAS Expanders 30
- Choosing the Physical Drives 31
- Installing the CLI 37
- Installing onto Linux 42
- Installing WebPAM PRO 51
- Internet Browser 52
- Setting up WebPAM PRO 71
- Chapter 3: Installing Drivers 73
- Driver Installation Media 74
- Linux and FreeBSD 75
- Windows Server 2008 76
- Existing System 77
- Windows Vista 78
- Windows Server 2003 80
- Windows XP 82
- New OS Installation 84
- Fedora Core 6 85
- Fedora Core 7, 8 86
- SuSE SLES 10, 10 SP1 88
- Miracle Linux 4 89
- FreeBSD 6.1, 6.2 90
- SuperTrak BIOS 95
- Accessing the Main Menu 98
- Selecting a Controller 99
- Managing Physical Drives 101
- Managing Disk Arrays 103
- Creating a Disk Array 104
- Changing Disk Array Settings 105
- Rebuilding a Disk Array 105
- Deleting a Disk Array 105
- Managing Logical Drives 106
- Creating a Logical Drive 107
- Initializing a Logical Drive 108
- Deleting a Logical Drive 109
- Managing Spare Drives 111
- Changing Spare Drive Settings 112
- Deleting a Spare Drive 113
- Viewing Background Activity 114
- Managing the Event Log 115
- Clearing the Event Logs 116
- Working with Time Sync 117
- Using the Miscellaneous Menu 118
- Logging into WebPAM PRO 121
- Logging in over the Network 122
- Login Screen 123
- Accessing the Interface 124
- Using the Header 125
- Using Tree View 125
- Using Management View 126
- Choosing a Display Language 127
- Viewing the Event Frame 127
- Saving the Event Frame 128
- Deleting the Event Frame 128
- Viewing the Storage Network 128
- Logging out of WebPAM PRO 129
- Managing Users 130
- Making Your Own User Settings 131
- Changing a User’s Password 131
- Changing Your Own Password 131
- Creating a User 132
- Deleting a User 132
- Adding a Subsystem or Host 134
- In-Band versus Out-of-Band 135
- Deleting a Subsystem or Host 135
- Setting User Privilege 136
- Managing Software Services 137
- Restarting the Tomcat Server 138
- Setting up Email Service 138
- Setting up Extended SMTP 139
- Sending A Test Email Message 139
- Changing CIM Client Settings 140
- Changing CIM Server Settings 140
- Managing the Host 141
- Managing the Subsystem 142
- Clearing Statistical Data 143
- Updating the Firmware 143
- Checking Subsystem Health 144
- Viewing the Runtime Event Log 144
- Saving the Runtime Event Log 145
- Viewing the NVRAM Event Log 145
- Saving the NVRAM Event Log 146
- Clearing the NVRAM Event Log 146
- Running Background Activities 148
- Running Media Patrol 148
- Running PDM 149
- Viewing Scheduled Activities 149
- Scheduling an Activity 149
- Deleting a Scheduled Activity 151
- Viewing System Configuration 151
- Managing the Controller 153
- Viewing Controller Statistics 155
- Making Controller Settings 155
- Clearing an Orphan Watermark 156
- Viewing Battery Information 156
- Silencing the Buzzer 157
- Making Buzzer Settings 157
- Testing the Buzzer 157
- Viewing Buzzer Information 158
- Managing Enclosures 159
- Promise Enclosures 161
- Adjustable Items 162
- Making Disk Array Settings 172
- Migrating a Disk Array 175
- Running PDM on a Disk Array 177
- Transitioning a Disk Array 178
- 7. Click the OK button 179
- Locating a Logical Drive 181
- Logical Drive Status 182
- Logical Drive Synchronization 182
- Running Redundancy Check 184
- Creating a Spare Drive 187
- Deleting Spare Drive 188
- Making Spare Drive Settings 188
- Running Spare Check 189
- Opening the CLI on Windows 193
- To open the CLI: 194
- 1. Open a terminal window 194
- Table of Supported Commands 195
- Notes and Conventions 197
- List of Supported Commands 198
- Examples 202
- Options 220
- Introduction to RAID 233
- RAID 0 – Stripe 234
- RAID 1 – Mirror 235
- RAID 1E – Enhanced Mirror 236
- RAID 10 – Mirror / Stripe 239
- RAID 50 Axles 241
- RAID 60 Axles 244
- Choosing a RAID Level 246
- Choosing Stripe Block Size 250
- Choosing Sector Size 250
- Choosing Cache Policy 251
- Capacity Coercion 252
- Initialization 253
- Hot Spare Drive(s) 253
- RAID Level Migration 254
- Delete and Recreate 261
- Media Patrol 262
- Transition 263
- Automatic Transition 265
- Manual Transition 265
- When a Physical Drive Fails 267
- With a Hot Spare Drive 269
- Without a Hot Spare Drive 269
- Rebuild Operation 269
- After a successful rebuild: 270
- • The alarm is silent 270
- Chapter 8: Troubleshooting 271
- Global LED Display 272
- Direct LED Display 272
- Open WebPAM PRO 275
- What to Look For 275
- Salvaging Physical Drives 279
- Rebuilding a Logical Drive 280
- Manual Rebuild: WebPAM PRO 281
- Cache Battery Does Not Charge 282
- Chapter 9: Support 283
- Drive Issues 284
- Post-Installation 286
- Contacting Technical Support 287
- Attn: Technical Support 289
- Limited Warranty 290
- Your Responsibilities 291
- (below) 298
- Appendix B: Upgrades 299
- Updating WebPAM PRO 300
- Installing the BBU 302
- Schematic Diagrams 305
- LED activity = Low 306
- Aggregate LED Display 307
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